Diabetes Mellitus

Mô tả sản phẩm

Diabetes mellitus, often simply called diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (blood sugar). This high blood sugar results from the body's inability to produce enough insulin, use insulin effectively, or both.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This results in the body's inability to produce insulin, requiring lifelong insulin therapy.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a more common form where the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or the cells don't respond properly to insulin (insulin resistance). This can often be managed with lifestyle changes, oral medications, or insulin therapy.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes develops during pregnancy. It usually resolves after delivery but increases the mother's risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

Symptoms of Diabetes

Symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of diabetes, but common signs include increased thirst and frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, blurred vision, slow-healing sores, and frequent infections.

Diagnosis of Diabetes

Diabetes is diagnosed through blood tests that measure blood glucose levels, such as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) test, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and HbA1c test.

Treatment and Management of Diabetes

Treatment aims to manage blood sugar levels within a healthy range. This involves lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, medication (including insulin), and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. Effective management helps to prevent or delay serious complications.

Complications of Diabetes

Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting various organs, including the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves. These complications can include heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, blindness, and nerve damage.

Prevention of Diabetes

While not all types of diabetes are preventable, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and eating a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

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